Spiritual Landscape of Japan

When travelling through European countries, one cannot help but notice the abundance of old and magnificent church buildings. In contrast, when travelling in Japan, one rarely encounters church buildings. Instead, the religious landscape is shaped mainly by traditional Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples. Among them, Shinto shrines are easily recognised by the distinctive Torii gate at their entrances. These shrines are often quietly integrated into the surroundings, found among forests, mountains, neighbourhoods, and even within busy urban areas.

Although it is widely acknowledged that many Japanese identify with Shinto traditions or Buddhism, it is difficult to determine the number of people who actively practise these religions in a regular and devoted manner. For many Japanese, religion is often less about strict belief or weekly worship and more closely connected with cultural traditions, life events, and respect for nature and ancestors.

During my visit to Japan, I did observe scenes that offered a glimpse into this quiet form of religious practice. In one morning, I saw a man - possibly on his way to work - making brief stop at a Shinto shrine. He stood before the altar, bowed twice, clapped the hands twice, bowed once again, and then left almost immediately. This simple act I believe was his way of seeking blessings before beginning the day.

Such observations reveal an important aspect of Japanese spirituality: it is often subtle, understated, and woven into daily life rather than expressed through large gatherings or imposing religious structures. While Europe’s religious heritage is often displayed through grand cathedrals and churches, Japan’s spiritual traditions are found in quieter spaces - through shrines, rituals, and a deep cultural connection with nature and tradition.

One of the things that has always impressed me while travelling around the world is encountering cities that are remarkably clean. I still remember being struck by how well the Russians kept their city clean during my visit to Moscow (Read here).

Japan, however, took this to another level. Throughout our journey, I hardly came across any public dustbins, yet the streets, parks and railway stations were exceptionally clean and virtually free of litter. I was told that most Japanese simply do not throw rubbish in public places. Instead, they keep their waste in their pockets or bags and carry it with them until they find an appropriate dustbin or rubbish bin. I personally witnessed this practice while waiting for Serene's family to arrive at Sapporo Airport. People patiently held on to their empty drink bottles, wrappers and other rubbish until they reached the designated disposal area.

At a public toilet near the Blue Pond in Biei, I noticed a sign clearly reminding visitors to take their personal rubbish home. It was a simple yet powerful reflection of Japan's culture of personal responsibility and respect for shared public spaces.

Another distinctive feature of Japanese society is the custom of bowing. Whether greeting someone, expressing appreciation or acknowledging thanks, a respectful bow is an integral part of everyday interaction. It is a simple gesture, yet it conveys humility, respect and sincerity.

Are these admirable qualities - a commitment to keeping the environment clean and a culture of respect and gratitude - the result of Shinto beliefs, or are they simply enduring cultural values passed down through generations? Shinto, Japan's indigenous faith, places great emphasis on purity, cleanliness and respect for people and nature. Over many centuries, these values have become deeply woven into Japanese society, reinforced by family upbringing, schools and social expectations. Today, regardless of whether a person actively practises Shinto, these behaviours have become hallmarks of Japanese culture and are admired by visitors from around the world.

Torii Gate.